AKTS: Sub-Microsecond Kernel Policy Switching for LM Agents (eBPF)
Abstract (opencli arxiv paper)
arXiv 2609.12276 abstract (opencli arxiv paper 2609.12276 -f json): AKTS shifts policy switching from runtime eBPF synthesis to load-time one-shot verification of a policy library, then issues integer indices resolved by kernel tail calls. Linux 6.14: p50 920 ns; 60,217 calls with zero unsafe dispatches; vLLM retains 97% of batch activity at the throughput tier while matching latency-tier bursts.
论文要点 (中文)
mali-kh（Mohammadali Khodabandehlou、Mahdi Alizadeh）2026-09-10 提交，6 页附 1 图，代码与原始数据 github.com/mali-kh/akts。问题：GPU 推理服务器把交互请求与后台批作业混跑在同一批 CPU 上；请求来时保 TTFT，空闲时让批作业多吃吞吐。固定内核调度策略牺牲一边；agent OS 要按工作负载变化切档。难处在 eBPF 验证器不让在 1–10 μs 调度事件里跑复杂代码——scalar 调控表达力不够；动态生成 eBPF 策略把编译/验证/加载/可能的拒绝挂到运行时。AKTS 把策略库在加载期一次性验证；运行时只写整数索引到内核里「已验证策略数组」，内核内 tail call 解析索引，agent 发索引不发代码。Linux 6.14：策略切换 p50 920 ns；非法索引 60,217 次全部 inert；vLLM 工作负载捕到吞吐档 97% 批活，同时匹配延迟档的突发响应。范式「用预验证换运行时表达力」，可抄进自家沙箱/调度器控制面，Linux 6.14 基线要记下来。
Key claims (English)
AKTS (mali-kh; submitted 2026-09-10; 6 pages + 1 figure; github.com/mali-kh/akts) shifts agent-runtime kernel policy switching out of the hot path. The verifier-unfriendly 1–10 μs scheduling window forbids complex eBPF code; scalar knobs lack expressiveness; and dynamically generated policies push compile/verify/load (and possible rejection) into the runtime path. AKTS validates the policy library once at load time, then at runtime writes only an integer index into a kernel-resident verified-policy array, resolved by a tail call. Measured on Linux 6.14: policy-switch p50 920 ns; 60,217 calls with no unsafe dispatch; on vLLM workloads it preserves 97% of batch activity at the throughput tier while still matching latency-tier bursts. The paradigm is pre-validate to buy runtime expressiveness, with Linux 6.14 as the baseline to track.
Obsidian 证据摘录
「AKTS 把策略库在加载期一次性验证，agent 运行时只写一个整数索引到内核里的『已验证策略数组』，内核内 tail call 解析索引，agent 发的是索引不是代码，验证失败不再是运行时可能。Linux 6.14 上策略切换 p50 920 ns；非法索引在 60,217 次调用里全部 inert；vLLM 工作负载里跑批作业捕到吞吐档 97% 的批活、同时匹配延迟档的突发响应。」——OpenClaw定时任务/论文流水线/2026-09-15-论文流水线.md L19-21
链接
- 论文：https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12276
- 代码：https://github.com/mali-kh/akts
- 论文流水线：OpenClaw定时任务/论文流水线/2026-09-15-论文流水线.md